Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a broad term that refers to a variety of disorders that affect the heart and blood vessels. It’s usually linked to the buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries (atherosclerosis) and a higher risk of blood clots. It’s also linked to artery damage in organs including the heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain.
Types
CVD is a broad term that covers a wide range of diseases. Some of them may appear at the same time or lead to the development of other disorders or diseases in the group.
Here are some of the conditions and diseases which might affect the heart includes-
- Arrhythmia, heart rhythm, or an irregular heartbeat
- Angina, a kind of chest discomfort caused by a reduction in blood flow to the heart
- Congenital heart disease, a condition in which a cardiac function or anatomical abnormality has existed since birth
- Coronary artery disease, This has an effect on the arteries that provide blood to the cardiac muscle
- Heart attack, an abrupt restriction of blood flow and oxygen delivery to the heart
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, The heart muscle walls thicken, causing issues with muscular relaxation, blood flow, and electrical instability
- Heart failure, a condition in which the heart is unable to contract or relax normally
- Pulmonary stenosis, in which blood flow from the right ventricle (pump chamber to the lungs) to the pulmonary artery is reduced due to a constriction of the pulmonary artery (deoxygenated blood artery that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs)
- Aortic stenosis, a constriction of the heart valve that can cause blood flow to the heart to become obstructed
- Rheumatic heart disease, a strep throat condition that produces inflammation in the heart and can impair the function of heart valves
- Dilated cardiomyopathy, a kind of heart failure in which the heart becomes bigger and unable to adequately pump blood
- Mitral valve prolapse, Mitral regurgitation occurs when a portion of the mitral valve bulges into the left atrium of the heart when it contracts
- Mitral regurgitation, During contractions, blood seeps back through the mitral valve of the heart
- Radiation heart disease, Excessive chest radiation can cause damage to the heart valves and blood vessels
- Atrial fibrillation, an irregular heartbeat that raises the risk of a stroke
Signs and Symptoms
Depending on the disease, the symptoms will be different. Some diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, may show no symptoms at first.
However, some of the common signs and symptoms of an underlying cardiovascular issue may include-
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue and Nausea
- Pressure or pain in the chest (indication of Angina)
- cold sweats
- Dizziness or Lightheadedness
- Pain in the elbows, shoulder, arms, jaw, and back
Although they are the most common, CVD can present itself in any part of the body. Consulting a Heart specialist is always recommended if you observe any of these signs or symptoms of Cardiovascular disease.
Treatment for Cardiovascular Disease
The optimal treatment choice for a person will be determined by the type of CVD they have. After determining your CVD, your Heart specialist will suggest some of these options including-
- Medication, such as lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, increasing blood flow, or controlling heart rhythm
- Surgery, such includes coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG), valve repair, and valve replacement
- Cardiac rehabilitation, medications for exercise, and lifestyle counseling
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